A thorough understanding of the principles of anatomy and physiology is essential to conduct biomedical research or work in any of the health-related profession. By building on the foundations laid down in BIOL125, this unit expands students’ understanding pertaining to how the human body functions by discussing the endocrine, integumentary, digestive, urinary, reproductive, and immune systems and their various changes across the lifespan. Students will be introduced to foundation-level embryology as well as the body's response to pathogens, stress, and injury. Elementary concepts of pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy will also be introduced. The aim of this unit, together with the prerequisite BIOL125, is to provide students with an understanding of the structure and function of all organ systems in the human body.